LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
当前位置: 玩币族首页 > 新闻观点 > 区块链+医疗,解决医药溯源最后一公里监管难题

区块链+医疗,解决医药溯源最后一公里监管难题

2019-12-10 谢兵 来源:区块链网络
区块链+医疗,解决医药溯源最后一公里监管难题

作者 | 秦晓峰

编辑 | 卢晓明

出品 | Odaily星球日报? ? ? ? ? ? ?

?

(蚂蚁区块链大赛冠军——宜链)?? ? ? ? ? ?

近日,“链创·未来”蚂蚁区块链创新大赛决赛,在杭州云栖小镇国际会展中心顺利举办。

经过 8 个月的筛选,上海宜链物联网有限公司(以下简称“宜链”)摘得大赛桂冠,并获得 100 万元的资金奖励。

宜链究竟有何特色,为何宜链最终能从 400 多个项目中脱颖而出?

此番宜链的参赛项目名为「疫苗冷链温感 RFID 溯源物联网解决方案」。简单而言,就是「区块链+医疗」解决医疗领域痛点问题——疫苗溯源。

蚂蚁区块链方面评价说:“区块链真正走向大众,就是要面向社会实际,解决人人有感的问题痛点。”

一、医疗痛点:疫苗监管

医疗,一直以来都是关乎国计民生的大事。然而近年来,医疗卫生领域,尤其是疫苗产业问题不断。

2018 年 7 月,长春长生公司被曝在冻干人用狂犬病疫苗生产过程中存在记录造假问题;此前该公司就曾被曝百白破疫苗效价指标不符合规定。

无独有偶,2016 年山东同样爆发疫苗问题,大量疫苗未经严格冷链存储运输销往 24 个省市,涉案金额达 5.7 亿元。

?

(疫苗问题频发)

一次次的疫苗问题,引发全社会的关注,也牵扯着公众的神经。

总体而言,目前疫苗产业主要存在以下两大问题:一是疫苗厂家生产造假,这是所有问题的源头,也是最难控制的,目前只能依靠监管部门努力;二是运输、储存过程中出现问题,导致疫苗失去活性(简称“失活”),成为无用疫苗。

相比于生产环节,运输和存储环节相对可控,也是第三方企业更容易介入的环节。宜链的「疫苗冷链温感 RFID 溯源物联网解决方案」,就是针对这一环节进行设计的。

疫苗在此过程中需要进行冷链运输,传统的方法是在疫苗箱体或者转运箱内放置温度计,进行温度监控,但这种方法对并不能监控每支疫苗的个体情况,相关温控数据做不到实时且并不对外公开。另外在转运时,也有可能发生箱体在烈日下暴晒导致疫苗失活,转运过程也并不公开透明。

一旦疫苗发生问题,很难确定究竟是疫苗转运、存储不当导致的,还是生产环节方面有问题,责任难以划分。

宜链的解决方案是,在每一支疫苗上贴上一个 RFID 标签,并且每个包装疫苗的箱体也会贴上温感标签。在运输以及储存过程中,宜链自主研发的读写器会将记录的温度数据实时同步至蚂蚁区块链上。

?

“一个车上一般几十箱疫苗,极限状态下读写器可以一次同步完成所有数据。读取器也会放置在转运环节的各个地方,从头监控到尾。“宜链创始人张钊锋教授解释称,疫苗从运输、转运到入库,各个阶段都会有读写器对疫苗温度进行实时数据上链。

此外,该方案是基于蚂蚁联盟链搭建的,对于数据上链各方也会进行实名认证,确保数据的可靠、可溯源。

?张钊锋告诉Odaily星球日报,基于蚂蚁区块链的链上数据,也可以让用户更加放心;并且所有上链数据不可篡改,日后疫苗出现问题时也可以调出数据划分责任。“厂家、监管部门都可以通过这个链上数据,弄清楚究竟是生产、还是运输环节出了问题,划分各方责任。”

数据上链完成后,普通用户(患者)可以扫描疫苗上 RFID 标签二维码,查看疫苗运输过程中的温度变化,增强疫苗的可信性。

Odaily星球日报亲身体验后发现,确实可以看到疫苗的温度变化,但数据是用文字形式展现,并不直观。如果能改用曲线图形式展现,成像效果或许会更好。对此,张钊锋表示,下一步会优化数据展现形成。

张钊锋补充说,过去半年,宜链的医疗溯源解决方案已经在某市进行试点,已经跑通了从市疾控中心到疫苗接种点的运转流程溯源监控,但从「疫苗厂家—省疾控中心—市疾控中心」环节却并未跑通。

?

“下一步,公司的发展方向是从疫苗厂家环节开始贴标签溯源。”张钊锋说,“从厂家环节就开始贴标签,对于厂家来说,也可以更好地划分责任。”?

二、项目瓶颈不少

在Odaily星球日报与张钊锋的采访中,他也直言不讳地谈到了目前项目发展所面临的一些瓶颈。

?

(张钊锋)

首当其中的就是资金问题。张钊锋给我们算了一笔账,目前一个疫苗接种点硬件成本需要投入 10 万元,一个市级疾控中心下属 30-40 个接种点,全国有 3000 多个市级疾控中心。

“要想覆盖全国,真的是只能靠政府支持了,一个企业是很难做到的。“张钊锋说,“这次(蚂蚁区块链大赛)的 100 万元,对我们来说也是杯水车薪。”

其次,拆箱对疫苗贴标签也有一定的风险。由于疫苗管理非常严格,不能随意拆箱。因此,只能政府支持下才能进行小范围试点,短时间内很难推向全国,最好的解决方案还是从源头(厂家)贴标签,这也是宜链下一步的工作难点。

张钊锋也透露,他们也和国内外一些大型药厂进行接触,一些企业对此很感兴趣,但要求其解决方案形成标准或者有国家红头文件支持。

“新的《疫苗法》出台后,药企也许会更有动力去做。“张钊锋充满信心地表示。

再者,RFID 标签的成本也是一大问题。目前,每枚 RFID 标签的价格在 0.3~0.6 美元,其作为一种易耗品对于厂家来说是一笔不小的开支。

不过张钊锋表示,未来他们可以将成本降到 0.2~0.3 元,进一步减少成本投入。

三、后记

前路虽难,但张钊锋及其团队依然对未来抱有信心。

目前,宜链团队共有 20 多人,合伙人博士学位占比达到一半。

创始人张钊锋,是国家首批自主培养的射频集成电路专家、博士、博士研究生导师、中科院教授、上海科技大学特聘教授;曾多次承担国家及各级政府多项重大研发任务及项目,在国际国内期刊和会议上发表文章近百篇,专利近百件。

一个学者跑来创业,着实令笔者不解。张钊锋直言,其所在单位有着一个重要使命——将科研成果进行商业转移转化,使得科技福利为更多人所享有。

“这事(医疗溯源)是关系国计民生的,我们自己也有着强烈的愿望,希望造福老百姓。“张钊锋说。

RSK吴明洋:收购Taringa社交软件,让比特币装进拉丁美洲和西班牙3000 万用户心中

On September 24, 2019, IOV Labs, which created RSK smart contract platform and RIF tokens, announced the acquisition of Taringa, a Spanish social network. Taringa has 30 million users and more than 1,000 active online communities. IOVLabs and Taringa's leadership plan to use RSK's distributed infrastructure to create innovative consumer products and services for their communities.

IOV Labs is a dedicated institution focusing on the platform necessary for the development of new financial systems based on block chains to achieve global financial inclusion and fill the gap between these emerging technologies and large-scale applications. At present, RSK intelligent contract network and RIF OS platform are being developed.

RSK network is the safest intelligent contract platform in the world because it relies on the power of Bitcoin. RIF OS protocol is an open source and de-centralized infrastructure protocol, which enables faster, easier and scalable development of distributed applications (dApp) in a unified environment to achieve large-scale bitcoin and RSK applications.

Mars Finance and Economics interviewed Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar (Wu Mingyang), CEO of IOV Labs, to learn about the takeover of Taringa and the development of RSK.

2019年9月24日,创造RSK智能合约平台和 RIF代币的IOV Labs,宣布收购了西班牙语社交网络Taringa。Taringa拥有 3000 万用户和 1000 多个活跃在线社区。IOVLabs和 Taringa 的领导层一起策划利用 RSK 的分布式基础设施为其社区创造创新的消费者产品和服务。

IOV Labs 是一家专设机构,专注于为基于区块链的全新金融系统开发必须的平台,以实现全球金融包容性,并填补这些新兴技术与大规模应用之间的差距。当前在开发RSK 智能合约网络和RIF OS平台。

RSK 网络是世界上最安全的智能合约平台,因为它信赖比特币的算力。RIF OS 协议是一套开源和去中心化的基础设施协议,可在统一环境中实现分布式应用程序 (dApp) 的更快、更轻松和可扩展的开发,以实现大规模的比特币和 RSK 应用。

火星财经专访了IOVLabs 的首席执行官 Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar(吴明洋),了解了关于这次收购Taringa,以及RSK发展相关的情况。

?

Mars Finance:In China, it is not a clear perception of RSK formost of the people. Is RSK a sidechain for Bitcoin or a smart contract platformlike Ethereum? Can you briefly explain what is RSK?

火星财经:在中国,人们对于RSK的认知并不清晰,它究竟是比特币的侧链?还是对标以太坊的合约开发平台?你能否用最精简的解释,让大家很快认识RSK?RSK到底是谁?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:RSK is the first smart contract platform secured by the BitcoinNetwork.It was implemented as a sidechain to Bitcoin to have full alignment ofinterest with the Bitcoin ecosystem. That's why the native currency of RSK(rBTC) is pegged 1 to 1 with Bitcoin.RSK programming language (Solidity) andit's interfaces (RPC & Web3) are fully compatible with Ethereum.So anyEthereum application can be run on RSK and be secured by the Bitcoin Network.

吴明洋:RSK是第一个由比特币网络担保的智能合约平台。它是作为与比特币生态系统的一个侧链来实现的,目的是与比特币生态系统保持完全的利益一致。这就是为什么RSK(rBTC)的本国货币与比特币的比为1。RSK编程语言(固态)和它的接口(RPC&Web3)完全兼容以太坊。任何以太坊应用程序都可以在RSK上运行,并由比特币网络保护。

Mars Finance:IOVLabs acquired the Spanish social network Taringa.Why a social network platform? Why Taringa? In this way, IOVLabs acquire Taringa’susers, but it doesn’t mean these users can directly convert to RSK’s. What isthe specific plan about how to make use of the Taringa’s users? And what is theoverall development plan of IOVLabs?

火星财经:IOVLabs收购了西班牙社交网络Taringa。为什么会选择收购一个社交平台?又为什么选择了Taringa?IOVLabs拥有了社交平台,但并不意味着这些用户可以直接转化为RSK的用户,下一步将如何利用Taringa平台发展自己?未来整体的发展规划又是怎样的?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:One little correction is that Taringa is a Spanish speaking socialnetwork but it covers all Latin America and Spain.On one side Taringa isbroadly know all over Latin America and Spain so it will put Bitcoin, RSK andthe RIF services in minds of millions of users in the region.On one sideTaringa is broadly know all over Latin America and Spain so it will putBitcoin, RSK and the RIF services in minds of millions of users in theregion.In terms of the integration process the first step is to integrate thecurrent interactions of the platform into the RSK & RIF Platforms. Thefollowing step is to give all the users access to crypto wallet that later willbe use to create sharing economies based con content creation and advertising.Later all the infrastructure of Taringa will be ported to RIF decentralizedservices and the RIF Marketplace will be integrated to facilitate commercewithin the community.

吴明洋:首先做一个小小的修正,Taringa虽然是一个讲西班牙语的社交网络,但它覆盖了整个拉丁美洲和西班牙。一方面,Taringa在拉丁美洲和西班牙广为人知,因此它将把比特币、RSK和RIF服务放在该地区数百万用户的心中。关于整合的过程,第一步是将当前的平台交互集成到RSK和RIF平台中。继而让所有用户能够使用密码钱包,这些密钥钱包此后将用于创建基于共享经济的虚拟内容和广告。在下一步,Taringa的所有基础设施将被移植到RIF分散的服务中,RIF市场将被整合,以促进社区内的商业。虽然这是一个初步的初步计划,但我们正在与Taringa团队围绕特定的社区建立商业模式,比如游戏频道,我们可以创建电子游戏竞赛。

Mars Finance:RSK's previous positioning was the bitcoinsidechain. From the current price fluctuations of BTC, people are more willingto invest, instead of pay, so the transactions frequently happen in exchanges ratherthan networks. Whether the demand for Bitcoin sidechains, or lighting networkswill trend to be increasingly smaller? Will RSK repositioning for futuredevelopment?

火星财经:RSK此前的定位是比特币侧链。从目前比特币的价格波动来看,人们更愿意将它用来投资而不用于支付,比特币交易更多地发生在交易所而不是比特币网络中,对于比特币侧链,或者是闪电网络的需求是否会越来越小?RSK对自己未来发展的方向会重新定位吗?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:RSK strong position is to be the Bitcoin backed smart contractplatform and as such it can extend the Bitcoin Ecosystem into becoming a fullblown Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Ecosystem. As part of this in the followingmonths RSK partners are releasing stable assets backed by rBTC and RIF. Whenyou combine this with RIF Lumino Payments you have the perfect platform for allkind of Fintech applications.

吴明洋:RSK的核心地位是成为比特币支持的智能合约平台,因此它可以将比特币生态系统扩展为一个完整的分散金融(DeFi)生态系统。RSK的合伙人正在释放由RBTC和RIF支持的稳定资产作为未来几个月的重要工作。结合这一点与RIF Lumino支付,你就会拥有一个完美的平台,支持所有类型的金融科技应用。

Mars Finance:How many bitcoin HashRate does RSK currently possessand how did you get that? BCH hard forks have cast a shadow on the industry previously,how will RSK avoid the potential risk? In addition, does RBTC who anchored BTC in1:1 indirectly cause the BTC inflation? Does this violate the original spiritof BTC? In addition, why do people need to?mergemining??What are the advantages of?merge mining?

火星财经:RSK目前拥有多少比特币的算力?这些算力是如何获取的?此前BCH硬分叉让行业蒙受阴影,RSK将会如何避免算力攻击的情况? 1:1锚定BTC推出了RBTC,是否变相地让BTC发生了通胀?这是否不符合BTC原本的精神?另外,人们为什么需要合并挖矿?合并挖矿的优势在哪里?

DiegoGutierrez Zaldivar:Currently RSK hashrate fluctuates between30% and 60% of the hashing power of Bitcoin. Recently additional mining poolswith additional 10% integrated so RSK can potentially be secured by 70% of thehashing power of Bitcoin.In order to obtain that hashing power we integratedthe merge mining module in the top Bitcoin pool softwares and optimize them toavoid any efficiency loss on the Bitcoin side.RSK always follows the longestchain so forks wouldn't be a problem for the stability of RSK. In order toobtain a smartBitcoin (rBTC) you first need to lock a BTC so the sum of thefree flowing BTCs plus the free flowing rBTCs will never exceed the maximumnumber of BTCs created.Merge mining has two positive effects. On one sideprovides Bitcoin miners with additional revenue from processing smart contractswithout any additional investment. On the other hand it enables the BitcoinEcosystem to scale and incorporate new features like smart contracts withoutcompromising the security of the base layer. With this you can have the best ofboth worlds hundreds of transactions per second on RSK and maximum security onBitcoin.

吴明洋:目前RSK的哈希率在比特币哈希能力的30到60之间波动。最近又增加了10的采矿池,这样RSK就有可能被70的比特币散列能力所保护。?为了获得这种散列能力,我们将合并挖掘模块集成到顶级比特币池软件中,并对其进行优化,以避免比特币方面的任何效率损失。?RSK总是遵循最长的链条,所以叉不会对RSK的稳定性造成问题。为了获得smartBitcoin(rBTC)你首先需要锁定一个BTC,这样自由流动的BTC和自由流动的rBTCs的总和不会超过BTC的最大数量。合并挖掘有两个积极的作用。一方面,比特币矿商可以通过处理智能合同获得额外收入,而无需任何额外投资。另一方面,它使比特币生态系统能够扩展和合并新的功能,如智能合同,而不损害底层的安全。有了它,你就可以在RSK和比特币的最大安全性的基础上,以每秒数百笔交易的优势。

Mars Finance:Why RSK is superior to Ethereum in smartcontracts layer? In fact, Ethereum is not only with large technical developers,but also the first smart contract platform. Facing with that, how will RSKcompete with Ethereum?

火星财经:在智能合约方面,RSK对比以太坊有怎样的优势?事实上以太坊整个生态不光有技术优势,更重要的是拥有先发优势,拥有庞大的开发者群体,RSK将准备如何与之竞争?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:I wouldsay that from a functionality perspective RSK is in equal terms with Ethereumand given its full compatibly RSK can profit from all the advances of theEthereum development community. So there are two thing where RSK is trying totake the lead, on decentralization and scalability. Ethereum already has a verybig Blockchain and world state that led to the need of centralized serviceslike Infura. RSK is already well advanced in multiple compression systems andlightclients that will avoid those bottlenecks. Also RSK is planning toincorporate parallel processing of transactions and RiF Lumino Payments couldpotentially process thousands of transactions offchain solving current scalinglimitations.

吴明洋:我想说,从功能的角度来看,RSK与Ethereum是平等的,而且RSK完全兼容于Ethereum开发社区的所有进步,RSK可以从中获益。因此,RSK试图在两个方面起带头作用:分散化和可伸缩性。Ethereum已经有了一个非常大的区块链和世界状态,这导致了对像Infura这样的集中服务的需求。RSK在多个压缩系统和可避免这些瓶颈的轻变化方面已经非常先进。此外,RSK正计划合并交易的并行处理,而RiF Lumino Payments有可能处理数千笔交易,以解决当前规模限制。

Mars Finance:Do you think blockchain technology is suitablefor large DAPP development? In fact, there is no large DAPP successfully launcheduntil now because of the TPS. How long this situation will be continued? What kindof the developers are currently supported by RSK? Is there any successfulproject? What is the reason that developers choose RSK?

火星财经:你认为区块链技术是否适合大型DAPP的开发?事实上现在没有一个真正的大型DAPP,因为区块链还无法承载,这种现象将持续多久?RSK目前支持的开发者都是怎样的?是否已经有发展比较成功的项目?你认为开发者选择RSK的原因是什么?

DiegoGutierrez Zaldivar:The only way toachieve high TPS preserving decentralization is by doing a combination ofon-chain compression techniques like LTCP (Lumino Transaction CompressionProtocol) and off-chain protocols like RIF Payments. With the combination ofboth the RSK/RIF can potentially process thousands of TPS. With the acquisitionof such a big Social Network we plan to prove this in real scenarios.

There are over 50 projects being built on top of RSK &RIF the solutions go from traceability for big corporations and governments tosocial impact platforms and stable assets collateralized with rBTC and RIF.

Most developers choose RSK because they see the value ofsecuring they're solutions with the biggest decentralized infrastructure in theplanet and using the most widely accepted cryptocurrency, Bitcoin.

吴明洋:实现高TPS分散的唯一方法是结合链上压缩技术,如LTCP(Lumino事务压缩协议)和RIF Payments等离线协议。结合RSK/RIF可以潜在地处理成千上万的TPS。随着这样一个大的社会网络的获得,我们计划在真实场景中证明这一点。

在RSK和RIF的基础上,有50多个项目正在建设,解决方案从大公司和政府的可追溯性,到社会影响平台和以rBTC和RIF为担保的稳定资产。

大多数开发人员选择RSK,是因为他们看到了保护他们的解决方案的价值,这个解决方案拥有世界上最大的分散基础设施和使用最广泛接受的加密货币——比特币。

Mars Finance:RSK is using a dual Token system. Why? Fromthe perspective of price fluctuations, RIF is not suitable for payment, then whatis the use scene of RIF and its future value? Why do people choose RIF?

火星财经:RSK使用了双币系统,为何要有这样的设计?从RIF的价格波动来看并不适宜做支付,那RIF的使用场景,以及未来的价值究竟在哪里?人们为什么要拥有RIF?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:The reasonfor having two tokens is that on one side RSK needs to be fully aligned withthe Bitcoin Network and therefore it's native currency has to be pegged toBitcoin to avoid creating a competition for resources with the BitcoinBlockchain. In the case of the RIF economy it was designed to be integratedwith all the major smart contract enabled cryptoeconomies so the RIF tokenneeds to be portable and independent of the native currency of each platform.Indeed we're currently creating the first 2 way bridge with Ethereum that willenable to transfer the RIF token and offer RIF services in the Ethereumecosystem.

吴明洋:拥有两个代币的原因是,RSK一方面需要与比特币网络完全一致,因此它的本国货币必须与比特币挂钩,以避免与比特币区块链形成资源竞争。在RIF经济中,它被设计成与所有主要的智能契约集成,从而使RIF通证具有可移植性,并且独立于每个平台的本地货币。事实上,我们目前正在创建第一个2路桥与以太中,这将使转让RIF通证和提供RIF服务的以太生态系统。

Mars Finance:What are the development plans and goals forRSK this year? What will be done in the near future, and what new plans will bemade next year?

火星财经:今年RSK还有怎样的发展计划和目标?近期还会做什么,明年又将有什么新的计划?

Diego Gutierrez Zaldivar:The planfor Q4 2019 and Q1 2020 is to finish the first implementation of the full stackof RSK and RIF protocols, open source Dapps, SDK and developers documentation.Also before the year ends we have partners launching stable assets, a logisticsplatform, a financial inclusion application built jointly with theInter-American Development Bank and an on-chain payment system integrated withthe banking system.

With that in place the next year will be fully focused ononboarding users and launching high scale projects. As part of that we willlaunch the first Taringa integration of RSK and RIF services in Q2 2020.

吴明洋:我们2019 Q4和2020 Q1的计划是完成第一个完整的RSK和RIF协议栈的实现,开源的Dapps,SDK和开发人员文档。同样在年底之前,我们有伙伴启动稳定的资产,一个物流平台,与美洲开发银行共同建立的金融包容应用程序,以及与银行系统集成的连锁支付系统。有了这个系统,明年将完全专注于用户的搭载和启动大规模项目。作为其中的一部分,我们将在2020年第二季度推出RSK和RIF服务的第一次Taringa集成。

—-

编译者/作者:谢兵

玩币族申明:玩币族作为开放的资讯翻译/分享平台,所提供的所有资讯仅代表作者个人观点,与玩币族平台立场无关,且不构成任何投资理财建议。文章版权归原作者所有。

LOADING...
LOADING...