翻译角！为什么我们需要Web 3.0（中英对照）

前言：今后将翻译一系列海外社区优秀Web3.0文章进入国内，一方面是在Web3.0浪潮中提升自己的视野，另一方面提升英文阅读与翻译能力。可预见的未来，币圈将成为英语匮乏者的荒漠，不持续进化的人将被淘汰出局。

另外，如果遇到优秀项目，也会对项目白皮书进行简单介绍与翻译。需要说明的是，翻译的这些文章不一定取得原作者同意，但风哥会对作者进行背景调查与文字介绍，这些介绍与广告无关。

提示：下划线词组代表重点行业词汇，黑色加粗代表重点单词与词组，红色加粗代表疑难词汇。

今天介绍的文章是来自波卡创始人Gavin Wood，原文标题《为什么我们需要Web 3.0》(Why We Need Web 3.0)，原文链接：https://gavofyork.medium.com/why-we-need-web-3-0-5da4f2bf95ab

作者：Gavin Wood

时间：2018年9月13日

Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood onwhy today’s internet is broken — and how we can do better next time around.

以太坊联合创始人加文·伍德（Gavin Wood）讲述了为什么今天的互联网被破坏，以及我们下次如何做得更好。

It was over four years ago that I coinedthe term “Web 3.0.” Back then, it was clear to me: Ethereum — the platform I cofounded — would allow people to interact in mutually beneficialways without anyone needing to trust each other. With technologies for message passingand data publication, we hoped to construct a peer-to-peerweb that lets you do everything you can now, except there would no servers and no authorities to manage the flow of information.

4年前我创造了“Web 3.0”这个词汇，当时我很清楚的是，由我担任联合创始人的以太坊将会支持人们在无需信任的情况下以互利互惠的方式进行交互，借助消息传递和数据发布技术，我们希望构建一个点对点（P2P）的网络，让您可以做任何事情，只不过将没有服务器和机构来管理这些信息流。

These days, with keycomponentsstill missing or dysfunctional, with scalability still wanting, and many projects suffering from compatibility problems, I don’t always find it easy to see the light at the end of the tunnel, or how we will get there. But the important points are unchanged from before: Centralization is not socially tenable long-term, and government is too clumsyto fix things.

当下，由于关键组件仍然缺失或功能失调，可伸缩性仍然不足，以及许多项目都存在兼容性问题，所以我并不认为我们能够很轻松就能看到隧道尽头的曙光，或者我们将如何到达那里也会成为问题。但重点从未改变：中心化长期来看是无法奏效的，而政府又太笨拙无法解决问题。

What preciselyis wrong with the web today? In short, it’s a big baby. It has grown old without growing up. While connecting the far corners of the globe with a packet-switching network and hypertext platformis an incredible achievement, the web has become corruptedfrom its own success.

今天的互联网到底出了什么问题？简而言之，他就是个巨婴，他还没长大就已经衰老。虽然通过数据交换网络和超文本平台将全世界链接在一起是一项令人难以置信的成就，但网络已经因其自身的成功而被破坏。

The internet today is broken by design.

今天的互联网被设计打破了。

Rewindto 1990s and the internet was a very different place. Google was still a .org domain, open-source software was being described as “cancer” by one of thefiercest monopolists of all time, and “information superhighway” and “internet addict” were gaining tractionas terms for the newly anointed. People (well, teenagers like me) still ran their own websites and email servers, and “net neutrality” was something fishermen argued about when buying trawlers. The fabricof the internet was yet to become warpedby the shape of society. It was still rather barebones and empowering, reflecting its academic and enthusiast roots.

回到20世纪90年代，互联网是一个完全不同的地方。Google还只是个.org域名，开源软件被有史以来最激烈的垄断者之一称为“癌症”，而“信息高速公路”和“互联网瘾君子”作为新任命者的术语正日益受到关注。人们（像我这样的青少年）仍然运行着自己的网站和电子邮件服务器，“网络中立性”是渔民在购买拖网渔船时争论的话题。虽然互联网的结构尚未被社会形态扭曲，但这仍然是相当赤裸裸的授权，反映了其学术和狂热的根源。

In the 20 years following, the “World Wide Web” would change the nature of society— this we know. Critically, though, the basic technical architectureof the internet provided no backstop againstchanges happening in the other . Society was bound toimprint itself back on the web.

在接下来的20年里，“万维网”将改变社会性质——我们都知道这点。然而，关键在于，互联网的基础技术架构并没有为另一个方向的变化提供支持，社会注定会在网络上留下自己的印记。

Technology often mirrors its past. It acts in line with the previous paradigm, only faster, harder, better, or stronger than before. As the global economy went online, we replicated the same social structuresthat we had before. Partly, we have the web to thank for the modern dividesbetween rich and poor, between powerful and impotent, and between enlightened and under-informed.

技术常常反映它的过去。它与之前的模式一致，只是比以前更快、更难、更好或更强。随着全球经济上网，我们复制了我们以前拥有的相同的社会结构。在一定程度上，我们要感谢网络，因为它造成了现代社会贫富之间、强者与弱者之间、开明者与愚昧者之间的鸿沟。

The internet today is broken by design. We see wealth, power and influence placed in the hands of the greedy, the megalomaniacs, or the plain malicious. Markets, institutions, and trust relationships have been transposed to this new platform, with the density, power and incumbents changed, but with the same old dynamics.

今天的互联网被设计打破了。我们看到财富、权力和影响力落入贪婪者、自大狂或普通恶棍的手中。市场、机构和信任关系已经转移到这个新平台上，密度、权力和现任者也随之发生了变化，但仍然保持着原有的活力。

Take how we pay for things online. On Web 2.0, you are not empowered to make payments per se. In reality, you must contact your financial institution to do it on your behalf. You are not trusted to do something as innocuous as pay your water bill. You are treated like a child appealing to a parent. If you wish to contact your friend online, then likely you will need to appeal to Facebook to relay your message.

以我们如何在线支付为例。在Web2.0上，您本身无权付款。实际上，你必须联系你的金融机构代表你做这件事。人们不相信你会做像付水费这样无害的事。你被视为一个吸引父母的孩子。如果你想在线联系你的朋友，那么你可能需要求助于Facebook来转达你的信息。

Technology often mirrors its past… As the global economy went online, we replicatedthe same social structures that we had before.

技术常常反映出它的过去……随着全球经济的在线化，我们复制了我们以前拥有的相同的社会结构。

The goliathsthat run these services — often critical to our lives and jobs — have no (obvious) evil intent,but nor do they act with benevolence or principle. They make money from our fealty, feeding us our information, and cutting us off when inconvenient.

经营这些服务的巨头们——通常对我们的生活和工作至关重要——没有（明显的）邪恶意图，但他们的行为也没有仁慈或原则。他们从我们的忠诚中赚钱，向我们提供信息，在不方便的时候切断我们的联系。

Most of us don’t fear government or corporate intrusion onour lives, but there are well-documented casewhere their interests are not aligned withour own. Look at Wikileaks. In 2010,a broadly respected set of journalists thatpublishes information generally in the public interest wastargeted and cut off bymajor financial institutions like PayPal and Visawithout any legal grounds. If you wanted to give a perfectly legal charitable donationto Wikileaks, you effectivelycouldn’t.

我们大多数人并不担心政府或公司会干涉我们的生活，但有很多有案可查的例证表明他们的利益与我们的利益不一致。看看维基解密，2010年，一批倍受尊敬的为大众利益发布信息的新闻工作者在没有任何法律依据的情况下被PayPal和Visa等主要金融机构锁定并切断了联系。如果你想给维基解密提供一笔完全合法的慈善捐款，你实际上是做不到的。

With so much of the world’s data channelled through so few cables, the inconvenient truthis that unless we put in place open software protocols, our increasingly digital society will continue to be at risk from malicious “authorities”both within society and (as in the case Russian tampering of our elections) from outside. Those who wish to protect the peaceful, liberal post-war worldorder need to realize: Our present digital architecturewill magnify society’s maladies,not limit them.

由于世界上如此多的数据通过如此少的电缆传输，令人不安的事实是，除非我们建立开放软件协议，否则我们日益数字化的社会将继续面临来自社会内部和外部（如俄罗斯篡改我们的选举）恶意“权威”的风险。那些希望保护和平、自由的战后世界秩序的人需要认识到：我们目前的数字建筑将放大而不是限制社会的弊病。

Web 3.0 is an inclusive set of protocolsto provide building blocksfor application makers. These building blocks take the place of traditional web technologies like HTTP, AJAX and MySQL, but present a whole new way of creating applications. These technologies give the user strong and verifiable guarantees about the information they are receiving, what information they are giving away, and what they are paying and what they are receiving in return. By empoweringusers to act for themselves within low-barriermarkets, we can ensure censorship and monopolizationhave fewer places to hide.Consider Web 3.0 to be an executableMagna Carta— “the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authorityof the despot.”

Web3.0是一套包容性的协议，为应用程序开发者提供构建块。这些构建块取代了HTTP、AJAX和MySQL等传统web技术，但提供了一种全新的创建应用程序的方法。这些技术为用户提供了强有力的、可验证的保证，包括他们正在接收的信息、他们正在发送的信息、他们正在支付的信息以及他们正在收到的回报。通过授权用户在低壁垒市场中自主行动，我们可以确保审查和垄断的藏身之处减少。可以把Web 3.0看作可执行的大宪章：个人对抗专制者专横权威的基础。

If society does not adopt the principles of Web 3.0 for its digital platform, it runs the risk of continued corruption and eventual failure, just as medieval feudal systems and Soviet-style communism proved untenable in a world of modern democracies.

如果社会不在其数字平台上采用Web3.0的原则，它将面临持续腐败和最终失败的风险，正如中世纪封建制度和苏联式共产主义在现代民主世界中被证明是站不住脚的。

The adoption of Web 3.0 will be neither fast nor clean. With entrenched interestscontrolling much of our digital lifestyles, and interests often aligned between lawmakers, government and technology monopolists(consider how the NSA’s Prism program enlisted the help of Facebook and Google), some jurisdictions may even attempt to make components of the new web illegal. Already Russia has outlawed bitcoin and the U.K. has expressed a (ridiculous) desire to outlaw strong cryptography.

Web3.0的采用既不快速也不彻底。由于根深蒂固的利益控制着我们的大部分数字生活方式，而立法者、政府和技术垄断者之间的利益往往是一致的（想想美国国家安全局（NSA）的Prism计划是如何获得Facebook和谷歌的帮助的），一些司法管辖区甚至可能试图将新网站的组件定为非法。俄罗斯已经宣布比特币为非法，英国也表达了一种(荒谬的)愿望，希望取缔强大的加密技术。

Web 3.0 is an inclusive set of protocolsto provide building blocks for application makers. These building blocks take the place of traditional web technologies… but present a whole new way of creating applications.

Web3.0是一套包容性的协议，为应用程序制造商提供构建块。这些构建块取代了传统的web技术……但为创建应用程序提供了一种全新的方式。

Aspects of this new system, including bitcoin or the Inter Planetary File System, will gain tractionfirst, probably in niche areas, much as Linux found traction “under the radar” in server backrooms. As technology matures, and traditional firms inevitablyslow their innovation and treat their products as cash-cows (see Microsoft), the advantages of Web 3.0 will grow. It will be no more possible to outlawWeb 3.0 than it was for cities and countries to ban Uber, Airbnb, Grindr, and Wikipedia.

这一新系统的各个方面，包括比特币或星际文件系统（IPFS），可能是在细分基领域将首先获得吸引力，就像Linux在服务器后台“悄无声息”地获得吸引力一样。随着技术的成熟，传统企业不可避免地会放慢创新速度，将产品视为摇钱树（例如微软），Web3.0的优势将不断增强。与城市和国家禁止优步、Airbnb、Grindr和维基百科一样，禁止Web3.0也不可能。

From a user’s point of view, Web 3.0 will look barely different from Web 2.0, at least initially. We’ll see the same display technologies: HTML5, CSS, and so on. On the back-end, technologies like Polkadot — Parity’s inter-chain blockchain protocol — will connect different technological threads into a single economy and “movement.”

从用户的角度来看，Web3.0看起来与Web2.0几乎没有什么不同，至少在最初是这样。我们将看到相同的显示技术：HTML5、CSS等等。在后端，Polkadot（Parity的链间区块链协议）等技术将把不同的技术线程连接成一个单一的经济体和“运动”。

We’ll use web browsers, but they might be called “wallets” or “key stores.” Browsers (and components like hardware wallets) will represent a person’s assets and identity online, allowing us to pay for something, or prove who we are, without needing to appeal to a bank or identity service. There will still be room for trusted parties, insurance outfits, backup-services and so forth. But their tasks will becommoditizedand their activity verifiable.As these service providers are forced to compete in a global, open and transparent market, web users will be relievedof price-gouging and rent-seeking.

我们将使用网络浏览器，但它们可能被称为“钱包”或“钥匙店”。浏览器（以及硬件钱包等组件）将在网上代表一个人的资产和身份，使我们能够支付某些东西，或证明我们是谁，而无需求助于银行或身份服务。对于值得信任的各方、保险机构、后备服务等仍有空间。但他们的任务将商品化，他们的活动将可验证。由于这些服务提供商被迫在一个全球、开放和透明的市场中竞争，网络用户将从价格欺诈和寻租中解脱出来。

Web 3.0 will engendera new global digital economy, creating new business models and markets to go with them, bustingplatform monopolies like Google and Facebook, and giving riseto vast levels of bottom-up innovation. Cheap government attacks on our privacy and liberty like widespread data trawling, censorship and propaganda,will become more difficult.

Web3.0将催生一个新的全球数字经济，创造新的商业模式和市场，打破谷歌和Facebook等平台垄断，并带来自下而上的巨大创新。政府对我们的隐私和自由的廉价攻击，如广泛的数据拖网、审查和宣传，将变得更加困难。

To be sure, we can’t predict the first successful use-cases of this new platform and when they might appear. As with the development of the internet before it, the timeline could be measured in decades rather than months. But when Web 3.0 emerges, it will bring a whole new meaning to the phrase“the Digital Age.”

可以肯定的是，我们无法预测这个新平台的第一个成功用例以及它们何时会出现。与之前互联网的发展一样，时间线可以用几十年而不是几个月来衡量。但当Web3.0出现时，它将给“数字时代”一词带来全新的含义。

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编译者/作者：阿风1989

玩币族申明：玩币族作为开放的资讯翻译/分享平台，所提供的所有资讯仅代表作者个人观点，与玩币族平台立场无关，且不构成任何投资理财建议。文章版权归原作者所有。