剖析 |《Wisdom Chain文档知识库》之共识机制

English

Consensus Mechanism of Wisdom Chain Document Knowledge Base

This article comes from the official Twitter of Wisdom ChainURL：https://twitter.com/Wisdom_Chain/status/1297773797362335745?s=20

At present, there is a consensus mechanism in the global public chain infrastructure. It stipulates how to compete between the nodes. The most popular consensus mechanism at this stage is OW, POS, DPOS, PBFT and DBFT. Its speed, safety and centralization degree have different emphasis. However, some public chains choose to use the hybrid consensus mechanism, such as ZIL adopts the POW+PBFT's mixed consensus mechanism, Wisdom Chain adopts the DPOS+Pow's mixed consensus mechanism, and what is the advantage of adopting the hybrid consensus mechanism?

First of all, the early Bitcoin and Ethereum adopted a single consensus mechanism, which resulted in their slow running speed and being unable to be used in the commercial environment. Although EOS uses the consensus mechanism of DPOS, all transactions are recorded by the super node on the chain, which has greatly improved the efficiency, but it has lost another major feature of the blockchain - the security brought by decentralization 。

Therefore, the public chain with a single consensus mechanism is doomed to not have both efficiency, security and decentralization.

Advantages of hybrid mechanism
The biggest advantage of hybrid mechanism is that it can learn from each other's strengths. Hybrid consensus means that two or more consensus mechanisms are applied to the underlying architecture of the same blockchain public chain. Reasonable use of mixed consensus can make up for the defects of low efficiency, loss of security protection or sacrifice of centralization degree caused by single consensus mechanism.

Wisdom Chain's ideas in this regard are quite creative. It adopts the hybrid mechanism of DPOS+POW, and the two accounts run simultaneously to make up for the disadvantage of any single consensus mechanism. DPOS mechanism has high efficiency. It is responsible for selecting legal transactions from the transaction storage pool, packaging them into blocks, and then broadcasting them to the network through P2P protocol. The implied POW requires miners to complete a certain amount of work proof to prevent the main chain from branching. At the same time, the elimination mechanism is established. If the nodes make false accounts or biased records within 30 seconds, they will be eliminated. As a result, speed, security and decentralization are taken into account.

Of course, there are still some problems to be solved in the hybrid consensus mechanism, but any technology is not achieved overnight, and it is impossible to have a smooth journey. However, the Wisdom Chain team made a detailed and in-depth thinking on the key technical difficulties and put forward feasible technical solutions. In the future, with the popularization of blockchain technology, the problem of hybrid consensus mechanism will surely be solved one by one.

简体中文

本文来自Wisdom Chain官方TwitterURL：https://twitter.com/Wisdom_Chain/status/1297773797362335745?s=20

目前全球的公链底层架构都有一种共识机制，它规定节点之间如何竞争记账，现阶段最为主流的共识机制是OW、POS、DPOS、PBFT与DBFT，其速度、安全性与中心化程度各有侧重。然而也有一些公链选择使用混合共识机制，如ZIL采用了POW+PBFT的混合共识机制，Wisdom Chain采用了DPOS+Pow的混合共识机制，那采用混合共识机制的好处是什么呢？

首先，早期的比特币、以太坊都采用了单一的共识机制，导致了它们运行速度慢，无法运用到商业环境中，虽然EOS使用了DPOS的共识机制，所有的交易都由节点交由超级节点记录在链上，在效率上有着很大的提升，但丧失了区块链的另一大特性——去中心化带来的安全性。

因此采用单一的共识机制的公链注定在效率、安全、去中心化程度不可兼得。

混合机制的优势

采用混合机制最大的优势就是可以各取所长，混合共识即把两种或多种共识机制运用在同一区块链公链的底层架构中。合理运用混合共识，可以弥补单一共识机制带来的效率低下、失去安全防护或牺牲中心化程度的缺陷。

Wisdom Chain在这方面的思路颇具创意。其采用DPOS+POW 的混合机制，两个账本同时运行的方式弥补任何单一共识机制的劣势。DPOS机制效率高，负责从事务存储池中选择合法交易，将其打包成块，然后通过p2p协议将其广播到网络，而隐含的POW则需要矿工完成一定的工作量证明，防止主链分叉，同时建立淘汰机制，如果节点在30秒内做假账或有偏向性记录的都将被淘汰。由此，速度、安全性和去中心化本质得到了兼顾。

当然混合共识机制还有些许问题需要解决，但是任何技术不是一蹴而就，也不可能一路顺风，不过Wisdom Chain团队对关键技术难关进行了详尽深入的思考并提出了可行的技术方案。未来，随着区块链技术的普及，混合共识机制的问题肯定将被一一解决。

作者：Wisdom Chain翻译：Diaos责任编辑：sorafly

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相关资源

https://github.com/WisedomChainGroup

本文来源：WisdomChain中文社区
原文标题：剖析 |《Wisdom Chain文档知识库》之共识机制

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编译者/作者：WisdomChain中文社区

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